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Concentrations, Gas-Particle Partitioning, and Seasonal Variations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at Four Sites in Turkey
- Source :
- Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 68:46-63
- Publication Year :
- 2014
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2014.
-
Abstract
- Ambient air polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) samples were collected at traffic, residential, coastal, and semiurban sites in Bursa, Turkey, between June 2008 and June 2009. For the traffic, residential, coastal, and semiurban sites, the average gas phase total PAH (a(12)PAH) concentrations were 113 +/- A 131, 142 +/- A 204, 53 +/- A 73, and 19 +/- A 34 ng/m(3), respectively, whereas the average particle phase total PAH concentrations were 28 +/- A 36, 56 +/- A 85, 24 +/- A 40, and 11 +/- A 23 ng/m(3), respectively. Phenanthrene and fluoranthene had the highest concentrations of all of the sampling sites in the gas phase. The PAH concentrations in the heating period were 5-7 times greater than the nonheating period concentrations. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate the relationship between the levels of PAHs determined in ambient samples and their possible sources. The PCA model shows that coal combustion and vehicle emissions affected PAH emissions. Moreover, the molecular diagnostic ratios indicated that coal-burning and traffic emissions were the dominant PAH sources. The multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the meteorological parameters also affected the ambient PAH concentrations. The sampling site characteristics, meteorological conditions, dispersion, and local sources all affected the concentration levels.
- Subjects :
- Atmospheric concentrations
Turkey
Polychlorinated-biphenyls
Seasonal variation
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Combustion
Coal combustion products
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Urban air
Organic-compounds
Dry deposition
Toxicology
Molecular diagnostic ratios
Turkey (republic)
chemistry.chemical_compound
Fluoranthene
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Perylene
Priority journal
chemistry.chemical_classification
Pollutant source
Sampling (statistics)
Environmental monitoring
Particle size
General Medicine
Dispersion
Pollution
Ambient air
Coal
Spatiotemporal analysis
Gas
Seashore
Environmental chemistry
Multiple linear regression analysis
Seasons
Molecular diagnosis
Statistical model
Regression analysis
Partitioning
Air pollutants
Source apportionment
Principal component analysis
Air pollution
Temperature-dependence
Polycyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic
Article
Heating
Chrysene
Phenanthrene
Environmental sciences & ecology
China
Source Apportionment
Indeno(1,2,3-Cd)Pyrene
Exhaust gas
Traffic
Ecotoxicology
Air sampling
Gas phase reaction
Bursa [Turkey]
Anthropogenic source
Atmospheric pollution
Air pollutant
PAH
Phase partitioning
Concentration (composition)
Environmental sciences
Statistics and numerical data
chemistry
Meteorological phenomena
Traffic emission
Concentration (parameters)
Particle
Linear models
Season
Particulate matter
Analysis
Adjacent coastal
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14320703 and 00904341
- Volume :
- 68
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....5f5d97379b010c256ece900fb041d732
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-014-0105-8