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There Are No Nonresponders to Resistance-Type Exercise Training in Older Men and Women
- Source :
- Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 16(5), 400-411, Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 16(5), 400-411. Elsevier Science, Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 16 (2015) 5
- Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess the proposed prevalence of unresponsiveness of older men and women to augment lean body mass, muscle fiber size, muscle strength, and/or physical function following prolonged resistance-type exercise training. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: A retrospective analysis of the adaptive response to 12 (n = 110) and 24 (n = 85) weeks of supervised resistance-type exercise training in older (>65 years) men and women. MEASUREMENTS: Lean body mass (DXA), type I and type II muscle fiber size (biopsy), leg strength (1-RM on leg press and leg extension), and physical function (chair-rise time) were assessed at baseline, and after 12 and 24 weeks of resistance-type exercise training. RESULTS: Lean body mass increased by 0.9 +/- 0.1 kg (range: -3.3 to +5.4 kg; P < .001) from 0 to 12 weeks of training. From 0 to 24 weeks, lean body mass increased by 1.1 +/- 0.2 kg (range: -1.8 to +9.2 kg; P < .001). Type I and II muscle fiber size increased by 324 +/- 137 mum(2) (range: -4458 to +3386 mum(2); P = .021), and 701 +/- 137 mum(2) (range: -4041 to +3904 mum(2); P < .001) from 0 to 12 weeks. From 0 to 24 weeks, type I and II muscle fiber size increased by 360 +/- 157 mum(2) (range: -3531 to +3426 mum(2); P = .026) and 779 +/- 161 mum(2) (range: -2728 to +3815 mum(2); P < .001). The 1-RM strength on the leg press and leg extension increased by 33 +/- 2 kg (range: -36 to +87 kg; P < .001) and 20 +/- 1 kg (range: -22 to +56 kg; P < .001) from 0 to 12 weeks. From 0 to 24 weeks, leg press and leg extension 1-RM increased by 50 +/- 3 kg (range: -28 to +145 kg; P < .001) and 29 +/- 2 kg (range: -19 to +60 kg; P < .001). Chair-rise time decreased by 1.3 +/- 0.4 seconds (range: +21.6 to -12.5 seconds; P = .003) from 0 to 12 weeks. From 0 to 24 weeks, chair-rise time decreased by 2.3 +/- 0.4 seconds (range: +10.5 to -23.0 seconds; P < .001). Nonresponsiveness was not apparent in any subject, as a positive adaptive response on at least one training outcome was apparent in every subject. CONCLUSIONS: A large heterogeneity was apparent in the adaptive response to prolonged resistance-type exercise training when changes in lean body mass, muscle fiber size, strength, and physical function were assessed in older men and women. The level of responsiveness was strongly affected by the duration of the exercise intervention, with more positive responses following more prolonged exercise training. We conclude that there are no nonresponders to the benefits of resistance-type exercise training on lean body mass, fiber size, strength, or function in the older population. Consequently, resistance-type exercise should be promoted without restriction to support healthy aging in the older population.
- Subjects :
- Male
lean body mass
Physical function
elderly-people
Muscle fibre
humans
physical-activity
Leg press
General Nursing
Human Nutrition & Health
Aged, 80 and over
Health Policy
Humane Voeding & Gezondheid
General Medicine
fiber contractile function
Adaptation, Physiological
Female
strength
protein supplementation
medicine.medical_specialty
muscle size
Older population
sarcopenia
medicine
Humans
Muscle Strength
Healthy aging
Muscle, Skeletal
Geriatric Assessment
VLAG
Aged
Retrospective Studies
Global Nutrition
Wereldvoeding
muscle function
business.industry
aging
Resistance Training
medicine.disease
Resistance exercise
Sarcopenia
cluster-analysis
Muscle strength
Lean body mass
Physical therapy
Physical Endurance
myofiber hypertrophy
Geriatrics and Gerontology
business
Psychomotor Performance
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15389375 and 15258610
- Volume :
- 16
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....5fcebefa71125bd2ca5dcae1bb80de24