Methods for Visualization of Gastric Endoscopic Mapping Data From Three-Dimensional, Non-Uniform Electrode Arrays

Methods were developed for visualizing three-dimensional endoscopic slow wave mapping data. Simulations representative of normal and abnormal slow wave propagation patterns were generated, allowing qualitative and quantitative evaluation of gridded and spherical interpolation algorithms. Three-dimensional isochronal maps provided a visual representation of slow wave propagation patterns, while mean absolute errors provided a quantitative metric for interpolation performance. Spherical thin plate spline interpolation provided an improvement over current gridded interpolation methods, with a 1.5 to 3.0 fold reduction of mean absolute errors (0.25–0.30 s to 0.08–0.15 s) over three classes of propagation patterns. Different electrode arrangements and densities were tested. A 128-electrode Fibonacci spiral arrangement was proposed as an efficient layout for capturing slow wave dynamics. These methods provide a new visualization technique suitable for endoscopic mapping, and provide a framework for testing and evaluating new interpolation techniques and device designs.