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Postexposure prophylaxis with rVSV-ZEBOV following exposure to a patient with Ebola virus disease relapse in the United Kingdom: an operational, safety, and immunogenicity report
- Source :
- Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Background In October 2015, 65 people came into direct contact with a healthcare worker presenting with a late reactivation of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in the United Kingdom. Vaccination was offered to 45 individuals with an initial assessment of high exposure risk. Methods Approval for rapid expanded access to the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus–Zaire Ebola virus (rVSV-ZEBOV) vaccine as an unlicensed emergency medicine was obtained from the relevant authorities. An observational follow-up study was carried out for 1 year following vaccination. Results Twenty-six of 45 individuals elected to receive vaccination between 10 and 11 October 2015 following written informed consent. By day 14, 39% had seroconverted, increasing to 87% by day 28 and 100% by 3 months, although these responses were not always sustained. Neutralizing antibody responses were detectable in 36% by day 14 and 73% at 12 months. Common side effects included fatigue, myalgia, headache, arthralgia, and fever. These were positively associated with glycoprotein-specific T-cell but not immunoglobulin (Ig) M or IgG antibody responses. No severe vaccine-related adverse events were reported. No one exposed to the virus became infected. Conclusions This paper reports the use of the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine given as an emergency intervention to individuals exposed to a patient presenting with a late reactivation of EVD. The vaccine was relatively well tolerated, but a high percentage developed a fever ≥37.5°C, necessitating urgent screening for Ebola virus, and a small number developed persistent arthralgia.<br />The rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine was used as postexposure prophylaxis in individuals exposed to Ebola virus in the United Kingdom. It was rolled out rapidly and was generally well tolerated. Side effects correlated with the magnitude of CD8+ T-cell responses.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Microbiology (medical)
myalgia
medicine.medical_specialty
rVSV-ZEBOV
medicine.medical_treatment
Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus
medicine.disease_cause
Antibodies, Viral
Virus
03 medical and health sciences
Ebola virus
0302 clinical medicine
Recurrence
Internal medicine
vaccine
medicine
Humans
030212 general & internal medicine
Post-exposure prophylaxis
Ebola Vaccines
Adverse effect
business.industry
T cell
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola
Ebolavirus
United Kingdom
Vaccination
Major Articles and Commentaries
030104 developmental biology
Infectious Diseases
AcademicSubjects/MED00290
Expanded access
medicine.symptom
business
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
Follow-Up Studies
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 10584838
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....61b5527053e167f4bafda00f13718aa1