Resilience: Directions for an Uncertain Future Following the COVID‐19 Pandemic

The concept of resilience is multi‐faceted. This commentary builds upon the analytical distinctions of resilience provided by Urquiza et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001508). In response to this article, we emphasize several distinctions between resilience and other systems concepts. These include distinctions between resilience, risk, and vulnerability, the tradeoff between resilience and efficiency, resilience contrasted with robustness, the relationship between resilience and sustainability, and finally methods for building resilience‐by‐design or resilience‐by‐intervention. Improving understanding of these concepts will enable planners to select resilience strategies that best support their system goals. We use examples from the 2020–2021 coronavirus pandemic to illustrate the concepts and the juxtapositions between them.
Key Points Resilience is one of many properties of systems affected by threat and resilience differ from robustness, sustainability, and riskBuilding resilience will require tradeoff on efficiency in complex systemsResilience can be build by design and by intervention