Comparative susceptibility of the common teal (Anas crecca) to infection with high pathogenic avian influenza virus strains isolated in Japan in 2004–2017

High pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of the H5 subtype have spread in poultry and wild birds worldwide. Current studies have highlighted the association between the migration of wild birds and the spread of HPAIVs. However, virological studies examining responsible species of migratory birds to spread HPAIVs are limited. In Japan, the common teal (Anas crecca) arrives in great numbers for overwintering every autumn-spring season; therefore, we performed experimental infection using six H5 HPAIVs isolated in past outbreaks in Japan (A/chicken/Yamaguchi/7/2004 (H5N1), A/whooper swan/Akita/1/2008 (H5N1), A/mandarin duck/Miyazaki/22M-765/2011 (H5N1), A/duck/Chiba/26-372-48/2014 (H5N8), A/duck/Hyogo/1/2016 (H5N6) and A/mute swan/Shimane/3211A002/2017 (H5N6)) to evaluate the susceptibility of the species to HPAIV infection. The results illustrated that most birds in all experimental groups were infected by the strains, and they shed viruses for a prolonged period, in trachea than cloaca, without displaying distinctive clinical signs. In addition, comparative analysis using calculation value of total viral shedding during the experiment revealed that the birds shed viruses at above a certain level regardless of the differences of strains. These results suggested that the common teal could be a migratory bird species that disseminates viruses in the environment, thereby influencing HPAI outbreaks in wild birds in Japan.