Residue behavior and safety evaluation of pymetrozine in tea

BACKGROUND Pymetrozine is a widely used pesticide. It is challenging to analyze and difficult to manage due to the large gap in its global maximum residue limits (MRLs) in tea. The development of a high-efficiency detection method for the evaluation of the transfer of residual pymetrozine from tea plantations to tea cups is therefore of prime significance. RESULTS An analytical method for the determination of pymetrozine residues in tea was established based on Cleanert PCX solid-phase extraction. The average recoveries were 72.2-93.7%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 12%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.005 mg·kg-1 in fresh tea leaves and dry tea, and 0.00025 mg·L-1 in tea brew. Pymetrozine degraded rapidly in tea plants with a half-life (t1/2 ) of 1.9 days in open tea plantations, and decreased by 9.4-23.7% in the green tea-processing procedure, which was concentration dependent. The residual pymetrozine levels in green tea collected at 6 and 21 days were below the MRLs in China and EU at a dosage of 30 g a.i. ha-1 , respectively. The leaching rates of pymetrozine from dry tea to tea brew were 58.7-96.3%. Hazard quotient (HQ) values of pymetrozine were significantly