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Biomarkers in Food Allergy Immunotherapy
- Source :
- Current allergy and asthma reports. 19(12)
- Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Investigational allergen immunotherapies (AITs) including oral immunotherapy (OIT), sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), and epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) have proven to increase allergen thresholds required to elicit an allergic reaction in a majority of subjects. However, these studies lack consistent biomarkers to predict therapy outcomes. Here, we will review biomarkers that are currently being investigated for AIT. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefit of AIT involve various cell types, including mast cells, basophils, T cells, and B cells. Skin prick and basophil activation tests assess effector cell sensitivity to allergen and are decreased in subjects on AIT. Allergen-specific IgE increases initially and decreases with continued therapy, while allergen-specific IgG and IgA increase throughout therapy. Allergen-induced regulatory T cells (Tregs) increase throughout therapy and were found to be associated with sustained unresponsiveness after OIT. Subjects on OIT and SLIT have decreased Th2 cytokine production during therapy. Although trends have been reported, a common limitation of these biomarkers is that none are able to reproducibly predict prognosis during AIT. Further studies are needed to expand the currently available biomarker repertoire to provide personalized approaches to AIT.
- Subjects :
- Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Allergy
medicine.medical_treatment
T-Lymphocytes
Immunology
Immunoglobulins
medicine.disease_cause
Immunoglobulin E
Allergen
Food allergy
Immunology and Allergy
Medicine
Humans
Skin Tests
biology
business.industry
Immunotherapy
medicine.disease
Slit
Basophils
Basophil activation
Desensitization, Immunologic
biology.protein
Biomarker (medicine)
business
Biomarkers
Food Hypersensitivity
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15346315
- Volume :
- 19
- Issue :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Current allergy and asthma reports
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....634c520e8782660d7df18fc58cac47cb