Design and validation of tailored colour reference charts for monitoring cultural heritage degradation

Colour changes of cultural heritage objects can be related with degradation of materials, thus a proper colour monitoring system can be used to detect conservation problems. With this purpose, a monitoring methodology for cultural heritage preventive conservation based on tailored colour reference charts and image analysis is proposed. Reference colour charts have been designed and tested for use in museums. Charts containing 64 colour patches have been printed using high-stability inks on 4 different substrates: Acid-free paper SkyLight, Acid-free paper covered with a propylene film, FOREX® and GlassPack. The stability has been studied by accelerated ageing in an UV chamber, and the harmlessness of the materials by Oddy Test. The final selection of material, laminated paper, is a balance between the colour change upon ageing and the performance in the Oddy Test. Using this material and the proposed design, colour change of copper and silver coupons has been assessed using images that are adjusted and calibrated by an adaptive calibration framework employing a given set of reference colours which homogenises the visual information in the supplied images. Thus, regardless of the camera of origin, any processed picture will deliver reliable information of the state of the colour in the metal surfaces at the moment it was taken. Results demonstrate the adequacy of the approach and the design for colour calibration, so these charts can be used to monitor colour change of sensitive materials ¿metal coupons¿ using photographs. As colour change of reference metals is a consequence of corrosion by environmental factors this may be used as a measure of air quality in museum environments. This methodology can be used to design a low-cost preventive conservation tool, where colour change of metal coupons ¿or other reference materials¿ can be followed through image analysis of pictures taken periodically by conservators or visitors, introducing citizen science in the conservation strategy.
The final testing of the methodology is being possible thanks to the Museo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (MUNCYT) and the Faculty of Chemistry of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, that have allowed us to display the reference charts in their scientific collections. Authors also acknowledge the support of TechnoHeritage network and the CSIC Authors also acknowledge the support of TechnoHeritage network and the CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform-OPEN HERITAGE: RESEARCH AND SOCIETY (PTI-PAIS). Thanks are due also to Dr. Elena Mesa, for her suggestions and support, and Ignacio García, from Once34, for his generous collaboration for the printing of the charts. We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI), and Digital.CSIC for their help with the dataset deposit. This work has been funded by Comunidad de Madrid, European Regional Development Fund and European Social Fund, project MIPAC-CM (Y2018/NMT-4913); and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, project COMPACT (HAR2017-89911-R) and grant PRE2018-086667.