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Interplay of Viral Infection, Host Cell Factors and Tumor Microenvironment in the Pathogenesis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
- Source :
- Cancers, Cancers, Vol 10, Iss 4, p 106 (2018)
- Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. In addition, heavy infiltration of leukocytes is a common characteristic of EBV-associated NPC. It has long been suggested that substantial and interactive impacts between cancer and stromal cells create a tumor microenvironment (TME) to promote tumorigenesis. The coexistence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with EBV-infected NPC cells represents a distinct TME which supports immune evasion and cancer development from the early phase of EBV infection. Intracellularly, EBV-encoded viral products alter host cell signaling to facilitate tumor development and progression. Intercellularly, EBV-infected cancer cells communicate with stromal cells through secretion of cytokines and chemokines, or via release of tumor exosomes, to repress immune surveillance and enhance metastasis. Although high expression of miR-BARTs has been detected in NPC patients, contributions of these more recently discovered viral products to the establishment of TME are still vaguely defined. Further investigations are needed to delineate the mechanistic linkage of the interplay between viral and host factors, especially in relation to TME, which can be harnessed in future therapeutic strategies.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Cancer Research
Stromal cell
Review
Biology
medicine.disease_cause
lcsh:RC254-282
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Immune system
medicine
Epstein-Barr virus
tumor microenvironment
Tumor microenvironment
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
medicine.disease
lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens
Epstein–Barr virus
Microvesicles
030104 developmental biology
Oncology
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Cancer cell
Cancer research
Carcinogenesis
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 20726694
- Volume :
- 10
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Cancers
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....640724b9b46437f017303fbc0665e3c6