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Genomic and functional uniqueness of the TNF receptor-associated factor gene family in amphioxus, the basal chordate
- Source :
- Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 183(7)
- Publication Year :
- 2009
-
Abstract
- The TNF-associated factor (TRAF) family, the crucial adaptor group in innate immune signaling, increased to 24 in amphioxus, the oldest lineage of the Chordata. To address how these expanded molecules evolved to adapt to the changing TRAF mediated signaling pathways, here we conducted genomic and functional comparisons of four distinct amphioxus TRAF groups with their human counterparts. We showed that lineage-specific duplication and rearrangement were responsible for the expansion of amphioxus TRAF1/2 and 3 lineages, whereas TRAF4 and 6 maintained a relatively stable genome and protein structure. Amphioxus TRAF1/2 and 3 molecules displayed various expression patterns in response to microbial infection, and some of them can attenuate the NF-κB activation mediated by human TRAF2 and 6. Amphioxus TRAF4 presented two unique functions: activation of the NF-κB pathway and involvement in somite formation. Although amphioxus TRAF6 was conserved in activating NF-κB pathway for antibacterial defense, the mechanism was not the same as that observed in humans. In summary, our findings reveal the evolutionary uniqueness of the TRAF family in this basal chordate, and suggest that genomic duplication and functional divergence of the TRAF family are important for the current form of the TRAF-mediated signaling pathways in humans.
- Subjects :
- Proteomics
animal structures
TRAF4
Immunology
Molecular Sequence Data
Chordate
Cell Line
Gene duplication
Immunology and Allergy
Gene family
Animals
Humans
Chordata
Genetics
TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6
Innate immune system
TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 4
biology
TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3
NF-kappa B
biology.organism_classification
TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins
TNF receptor associated factor
Drosophila melanogaster
Multigene Family
Signal transduction
Functional divergence
HeLa Cells
Signal Transduction
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15506606
- Volume :
- 183
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....64ca046d3dde7acae02a0c9372e974a0