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A Deep Look Into COVID-19 Severity Through Dynamic Changes in Blood Cytokine Levels

Authors :
Denis A. Kleymenov
Evgeniia N. Bykonia
Liubov I. Popova
Elena P. Mazunina
Vladimir A. Gushchin
Liudmila V. Kolobukhina
Olga A. Burgasova
Irina S. Kruzhkova
Nadezhda A. Kuznetsova
Elena V. Shidlovskaya
Elizaveta V. Divisenko
Andrei A. Pochtovyi
Valeria V. Bacalin
Svetlana V. Smetanina
Artem P. Tkachuk
Denis Y. Logunov
Alexander L. Gintsburg
Source :
Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021), Frontiers in Immunology
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
Frontiers Media SA, 2021.

Abstract

An excessive inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 is thought to be a major cause of disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Longitudinal analysis of cytokine release can expand our understanding of the initial stages of disease development and help to identify early markers serving as predictors of disease severity. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of 46 cytokines (including chemokines and growth factors) in the peripheral blood of a large cohort of COVID-19 patients (n=444). The patients were classified into five severity groups. Longitudinal analysis of all patients revealed two groups of cytokines, characterizing the “early” and “late” stages of the disease course and the switch between type 1 and type 2 immunity. We found significantly increased levels of cytokines associated with different severities of COVID-19, and levels of some cytokines were significantly higher during the first three days from symptom onset (DfSO) in patients who eventually required intensive care unit (ICU) therapy. Additionally, we identified nine cytokines, TNF-α, IL-10, MIG, IL-6, IP-10, M-CSF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, and IFN-α2, that can be used as good predictors of ICU requirement at 4-6 DfSO.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
16643224
Volume :
12
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Frontiers in Immunology
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....65147c395ad8016d88997383576cc1a3
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.771609