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A Deep Look Into COVID-19 Severity Through Dynamic Changes in Blood Cytokine Levels
- Source :
- Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021), Frontiers in Immunology
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Frontiers Media SA, 2021.
-
Abstract
- An excessive inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 is thought to be a major cause of disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Longitudinal analysis of cytokine release can expand our understanding of the initial stages of disease development and help to identify early markers serving as predictors of disease severity. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of 46 cytokines (including chemokines and growth factors) in the peripheral blood of a large cohort of COVID-19 patients (n=444). The patients were classified into five severity groups. Longitudinal analysis of all patients revealed two groups of cytokines, characterizing the “early” and “late” stages of the disease course and the switch between type 1 and type 2 immunity. We found significantly increased levels of cytokines associated with different severities of COVID-19, and levels of some cytokines were significantly higher during the first three days from symptom onset (DfSO) in patients who eventually required intensive care unit (ICU) therapy. Additionally, we identified nine cytokines, TNF-α, IL-10, MIG, IL-6, IP-10, M-CSF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, and IFN-α2, that can be used as good predictors of ICU requirement at 4-6 DfSO.
- Subjects :
- Male
Chemokine
medicine.medical_specialty
Critical Care
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
medicine.medical_treatment
Immunology
Disease
Antibodies, Viral
Severity of Illness Index
law.invention
Disease severity
law
Internal medicine
medicine
Humans
Immunology and Allergy
Acute-Phase Reaction
Original Research
biology
SARS-CoV-2
business.industry
hyperinflammation
COVID-19
Middle Aged
RC581-607
Prognosis
Intensive care unit
cytokines
Peripheral blood
Immunoglobulin A
severity predictors
Cytokine
Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulin G
biology.protein
RNA, Viral
Female
Immunologic diseases. Allergy
Cytokine Release Syndrome
business
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 16643224
- Volume :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....65147c395ad8016d88997383576cc1a3
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.771609