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Processing of Continuously Provided Punishment and Reward in Children with ADHD and the Modulating Effects of Stimulant Medication: An ERP Study
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, 8(3):e59240. PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 3, p e59240 (2013), PLoS ONE
- Publication Year :
- 2013
-
Abstract
- Objectives: Current models of ADHD suggest abnormal reward and punishment sensitivity, but the exact mechanisms are unclear. This study aims to investigate effects of continuous reward and punishment on the processing of performance feedback in children with ADHD and the modulating effects of stimulant medication.Methods: 15 Methylphenidate (Mph)-treated and 15 Mph-free children of the ADHD-combined type and 17 control children performed a selective attention task with three feedback conditions: no-feedback, gain and loss. Event Related Potentials (ERPs) time-locked to feedback and errors were computed.Results: All groups performed more accurately with gain and loss than without feedback. Feedback-related ERPs demonstrated no group differences in the feedback P2, but an enhanced late positive potential (LPP) to feedback stimuli (both gains and losses) for Mph-free children with ADHD compared to controls. Feedback-related ERPs in Mph-treated children with ADHD were similar to controls. Correlational analyses in the ADHD groups revealed that the severity of inattention problems correlated negatively with the feedback P2 amplitude and positively with the LPP to losses and omitted gains.Conclusions: The early selective attention for rewarding and punishing feedback was relatively intact in children with ADHD, but the late feedback processing was deviant (increased feedback LPP). This may explain the often observed positive effects of continuous reinforcement on performance and behaviour in children with ADHD. However, these group findings cannot be generalised to all individuals with the ADHD, because the feedback-related ERPs were associated with the severity of the inattention problems. Children with ADHD-combined type with more inattention problems showed both deviant early attentional selection of feedback stimuli, and deviant late processing of non-reward and punishment.
- Subjects :
- Male
Punishment (psychology)
Feedback, Psychological
medicine.medical_treatment
lcsh:Medicine
Neuropsychological Tests
Electroencephalography
Audiology
Social and Behavioral Sciences
DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
Psychology
DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW
Attention
Child
lcsh:Science
Reinforcement
Evoked Potentials
Multidisciplinary
medicine.diagnostic_test
Methylphenidate
ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
Experimental Psychology
Clinical Psychology
Mental Health
MEDIAL FRONTAL-CORTEX
Medicine
Female
Reinforcement, Psychology
psychological phenomena and processes
Research Article
medicine.drug
medicine.medical_specialty
COGNITIVE-ENERGETIC MODEL
EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS
behavioral disciplines and activities
EVOKED HEART-RATE
RESPONSE COST
Punishment
Reward
BRAIN POTENTIALS
Neuropsychology
Event-related potential
mental disorders
Reaction Time
medicine
Humans
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Biology
Sensory cue
Behavior
Motivation
FEEDBACK
lcsh:R
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
Cognitive Psychology
medicine.disease
Stimulant
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
Case-Control Studies
Developmental Psychology
Central Nervous System Stimulants
lcsh:Q
Attention (Behavior)
Neuroscience
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS ONE, 8(3):e59240. PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 3, p e59240 (2013), PLoS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....65495ddd33c6a79e9b3ad61509886aec