Does the Atlantic bonito, Sarda sarda, spawn in the eastern Adriatic Sea?

Atlantic bonito, Sarda sarda, is one of the representatives of the Scombridae family in the Adriatic Sea. Larvae and juveniles have been found and described in the area, but no information has been published regarding adults spawning in the Adriatic Sea. To explore the strong possibility that Atlantic bonito are reproducing in the Adriatic Sea, 122 specimens of adult Atlantic bonito were collected from a purse seine net ‘palamidara’ over four seasons in 2017. The fork length of the analysed specimens varied from 37.5 to 60.8 cm, with a mean of 48.83 ± 5.59 cm, while total body weight varied between 742.68 and 3102.59 g, with a mean value of 1700.49 ± 543.82 g. Gonadosomatic index values showed an increasing trend from autumn (0.123 for males, 0.897 for females) until spring, while in the summer, they reached their maximum values (3.609 for males, 5.604 for females). This trend was also confirmed by histological and macroscopic analyses of gonads, which suggested that the Atlantic bonito spawning season is in the spring-summer in the Adriatic Sea. Hence, this confirms that this species is spawning in the Adriatic Sea.