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Prevalence of contact allergy to metals in the European general population with a focus on nickel and piercings: The EDEN Fragrance Study
- Source :
- CONTACT DERMATITIS, 79(1), 1-9. Wiley, Schuttelaar, Marie L A; Ofenloch, Robert F; Bruze, Magnus; Cazzaniga, Simone; Elsner, Peter; Gonçalo, Margarida; Naldi, Luigi; Svensson, Åke; Diepgen, Thomas L (2018). Prevalence of contact allergy to metals in the European general population with a focus on nickel and piercings: The EDEN Fragrance Study. Contact dermatitis, 79(1), pp. 1-9. Wiley-Blackwell 10.1111/cod.12983
- Publication Year :
- 2018
-
Abstract
- Background: Studies on sensitization to metals in the general population are scarce.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of sensitization to metals in the general population, and factors associated with nickel sensitization.Methods: In 5 European countries (The Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Sweden), a random sample (N = 3119) from the general population (aged 18-74 years) was patch tested and interviewed by use of a questionnaire on exposure to metals, piercing, and jewellery.Results: Overall, the age-standardized prevalences of sensitization to nickel, cobalt and chromium were, respectively, 14.5%, 2.1%, and 0.8%. The highest prevalence of nickel sensitization was seen in Portugal (18.5%) and the lowest (8.3%) in Sweden. The prevalence of cobalt sensitization varied between 3.8% (The Netherlands) and 0.9% (Italy), and the prevalence of chromium sensitization varied between 1.3% (Portugal) and 0.2% (Sweden). Significant associations were observed between nickel allergy and female sex (odds ratio [OR] 5.19; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 3.99-6.74), past piercing use (OR 3.86; 95% CI: 2.85-5.24), and currently having = 3 piercings (OR 5.58; 95% CI: 4.02-7.76).Conclusions: The prevalence of sensitization to metals in the European general population was high, mostly because of nickel. The lowest prevalence of contact allergy to nickel and chromium observed in Sweden supports the effectiveness of long-standing regulation.
- Subjects :
- Male
Nickel allergy
030207 dermatology & venereal diseases
Body piercing
0302 clinical medicine
Risk Factors
Epidemiology
Prevalence
Immunology and Allergy
030212 general & internal medicine
Body Piercing
610 Medicine & health
Sensitization
education.field_of_study
Patch test
Middle Aged
Patch Tests
cobalt
Europe
medicine.anatomical_structure
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
Female
epidemiology
chromium
interests.hobby
Adult
inorganic chemicals
medicine.medical_specialty
Population
Dermatology
Young Adult
03 medical and health sciences
nickel
Environmental health
medicine
Humans
education
patch testing
business.industry
interests
PATCH TEST
Odds ratio
Confidence interval
PRODUCTS
DERMATITIS
SWEDISH MARKET
DENMARK
contact allergy
business
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 01051873
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- CONTACT DERMATITIS, 79(1), 1-9. Wiley, Schuttelaar, Marie L A; Ofenloch, Robert F; Bruze, Magnus; Cazzaniga, Simone; Elsner, Peter; Gonçalo, Margarida; Naldi, Luigi; Svensson, Åke; Diepgen, Thomas L (2018). Prevalence of contact allergy to metals in the European general population with a focus on nickel and piercings: The EDEN Fragrance Study. Contact dermatitis, 79(1), pp. 1-9. Wiley-Blackwell 10.1111/cod.12983 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cod.12983>
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....66911cf30849cecb14c01583cf0e8b1c