Back to Search
Start Over
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Optimal feminizing hormone treatment in transgender people
- Source :
- European journal of endocrinology. 185(2)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Transgender women are assigned male at birth but identified as women. The incidence of gender dysphoria is estimated to be around 1% of the population. Gender dysphoria may be associated with depression and low quality of life, which in most cases improves during gender-affirming hormonal treatment (GAHT). Feminizing hormonal treatment for transgender women or gender non-binary people typically includes natural estrogen (estradiol). Additional testosterone-blocking treatment is often needed to ensure the suppression of the pituitary-gonadal axis and may include cyproterone acetate, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a), or spironolactone. The health risks of cyproterone acetate as anti-androgen treatment are debated and randomized protocols with other anti-androgen treatments are requested. Orchiectomy is performed in some transgender women after various duration of GAHT. Currently, natural progesterone is not recommended as part of GAHT due to limited knowledge on the balance between risks and benefits. In the present article, we discuss evidence regarding established and upcoming feminizing treatment for adult transgender women or gender non-binary people seeking feminization. Data on study populations with transgender women are put into a wider context of literature regarding the effects of sex steroid hormones in cisgender study populations. Relevant follow-up and monitoring during feminizing treatment is debated. The review has a special focus on the pharmacotherapy of feminizing hormonal therapy.
- Subjects :
- Gender dysphoria
Adult
Male
medicine.medical_specialty
medicine.drug_class
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Feminization (biology)
Population
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
Context (language use)
Transgender Persons
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Endocrinology
Internal medicine
medicine
Humans
Psychiatry
education
Gender Dysphoria
Gonadal Steroid Hormones
education.field_of_study
business.industry
Cyproterone acetate
General Medicine
medicine.disease
chemistry
Estrogen
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Sex Reassignment Procedures
Spironolactone
Hormonal therapy
Female
business
Transsexualism
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 1479683X
- Volume :
- 185
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- European journal of endocrinology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....66dea90de7149ee531a483b116b9c885