Resting state brain network functional connectivity is not associated with inflammatory markers and blood cell counts in older adults

Objective Systemic inflammation and monocyte counts have previously been associated with changes in resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) in cross-sectional neuroimaging studies. We therefore investigated this association in a longitudinal study of older patients. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of longitudinal data from older patients who underwent functional magnet resonance imaging (fMRI) scans before and 3 months after elective surgery. Additionally, serum levels of C-reactive protein and Interleukin-6 as markers of inflammation and leukocyte, lymphocyte and monocyte counts were determined. Correlations between these markers and pre- or postoperative rsFC between regions previously associated with inflammatory markers were investigated using general linear regression models. Results We found no significant correlations between inflammatory markers or blood cell counts and mean connectivity within four resting state networks (RSNs), neither preoperatively nor postoperatively. Significant inter-region rsFC was found within these RSNs between a few regions either pre- or postoperatively, but no inter-region connections were consistently observed in both pre- and postoperative fMRI scans. Conclusions Inflammatory markers and monocyte counts were not associated with rsFC in our study, contrasting previous results. Significance Multiple measurements in the same individuals, as performed here, provide a way to reduce the high risk of false positive results in fMRI studies. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov (registration number NCT02265263).