Mutagenicity of methyl methanesulfonate and cyclophosphamide in resting and growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 cells

In order to evaluate the optimal experimental conditions and to identify the best growth phase for yeast genotoxicity studies, comparative experiments were performed with stationary and growing cells. Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and cyclophosphamide (CP) were used as chemical mutagens and strain D7 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as detector of induced mitotic gene conversion (trp+ convertants) and point reverse mutation (ilv+ revertants) in log or stationary phase cells after either 4 or 16 h of treatment. The highest MMS-induced toxicity and genotoxicity were observed after 16 h of exposure in a suspension test with log phase cells, which is consistent with the greater permeability and sensitivity of growing yeast cells. The maximal induction of genetic effects and toxicity by CP was conversely obtained after 16 h of treatment in stationary phase cells. This may be ascribed to the greater ability of detoxication of growing cells as compared to resting cells. Our results suggest that in evaluating the mutagenicity of chemicals in yeast systems it is important to consider factors such as growth phase and exposure time.