Топокліматичні особливості садово-паркових композиційних груп у парках міста Львова

The ecological and biological features of development and the state of gardening stands in urban landscapes of the ancient city are studied. The historical-stylistic genesis of the urban landscapes and the formation of a system of landscape and garden plantations in Lviv are analyzed. Their phytocoenic features, in particular, floristic, spatial, and ecological and population structure, system organization, vitality are investigated and generalized. The influence of spatial structure of city plantations on their vitality and aesthetics is investigated. Urban features of urban degradation changes in parks plantations are studied. The influence of local landscape geosystems and geophysical processes in them on the formation of tocoplimatic characteristics of parks is researched. The ecological and biological differences and peculiarities of the formation of spatial natural phenomena in a certain garden-park composition are elucidated. It has been established that the study of tocoplimatic differences should begin with consideration of solar radiation fluxes, air and soil temperatures, atmospheric precipitation, wind, etc. The influence of physical and geographic factors on the formation of sloping local garden-park composition groups in terms of revealing patterns of formation of their structure and functioning is evaluated. The analysis of territorial ecological and biological differences and special features of the formation of spatial natural phenomena in connection with certain fields and flows of matter and energy has been carried out. The narrow amplitudes of temperature in the geocomplexes of vertices, the middle and the bottom of slopes, the barrier effect on migration and the local transformation of air masses, which affects the specificity of subnatural phytocoenosis, have been revealed. The authors have characterized paying special attention to the top-climatic characteristics for increasing the comfort of development of garden-park composition groups. It is noted that the surface of the hills along with the lace paths laid on the slopes undergoes erosion and requires reduction of recreational load. The negative phenomena are outlined, which, together with the age factor and the lack of proper agrotechnical care, affect the conditions of the location of plantings. The ways of phytomeliorative optimization of the efficiency of gardens and parks of the complex green zone of the city are substantiated.