Are Urine Cultures Necessary Prior to Urologic Prosthetic Surgery?

Introduction A preoperative negative urine culture is generally advised before implantation of urologic prosthetics to prevent device infection. However, a review of the medical literature indicates sparse evidence to support this practice. Aim To describe outcomes for patients undergoing prosthetic implantation without preoperative urine cultures. Methods The cases of men undergoing artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) and/or inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) placement at a tertiary care center from 2007 through 2015 were reviewed. Of 713 devices implanted in 681 patients (337 AUSs in 314 patients, 376 IPPs in 367), 259 cases without preoperative urine cultures were analyzed (41%). Patients received standard perioperative antibiotics. Main Outcome Measures Device infection was diagnosed clinically. Average follow-up was 15 months. Results Device infection occurred in 4 of 259 patients (1.5%) with no difference noted in infection rate between device groups (AUS = 3 of 174 [2%]; IPP = 1 of 85 [1%]; P = .99); this rate appears to be consistent with the infection rate of numerous other published prosthetic series. Common skin organisms were implicated as the infectious agents in half the infected devices. Only one patient (0.4%) developed an Escherichia coli infection. Conclusion This study suggests that prosthetic urologic surgery can be safely performed without preoperative urine cultures. Kavoussi NL, Viers BR, Pagilara TL, et al. Are Urine Cultures Necessary Prior to Urologic Prosthetic Surgery? Sex Med Rev 2017;X:XXX–XXX.