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Chromosome Inversions, Genomic Differentiation and Speciation in the African Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 3, p e57887 (2013)
- Publication Year :
- 2013
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2013.
-
Abstract
- The African malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, is characterized by multiple polymorphic chromosomal inversions and has become widely studied as a system for exploring models of speciation. Near complete reproductive isolation between different inversion types, known as chromosomal forms, has led to the suggestion that A. gambiae is in early stages of speciation, with divergence evolving in the face of considerable gene flow. We compared the standard chromosomal arrangement (Savanna form) with genomes homozygous for j, b, c, and u inversions (Bamako form) in order to identify regions of genomic divergence with respect to inversion polymorphism. We found levels of divergence between the two sub-taxa within some of these inversions (2Rj and 2Rb), but at a level lower than expected and confined near the inversion breakpoints, consistent with a gene flux model. Unexpectedly, we found that the majority of diverged regions were located on the X chromosome, which contained half of all significantly diverged regions, with much of this divergence located within exons. This is surprising given that the Bamako and Savanna chromosomal forms are both within the S molecular form that is defined by a locus near centromere of X chromosome. Two X-linked genes (a heat shock protein and P450 encoding genes) involved in reproductive isolation between the M and S molecular forms of A. gambiae were also significantly diverged between the two chromosomal forms. These results suggest that genes mediating reproductive isolation are likely located on the X chromosome, as is thought to be the case for the M and S molecular forms. We conclude that genes located on the sex chromosome may be the major force driving speciation between these chromosomal forms of A. gambiae.
- Subjects :
- Male
0106 biological sciences
Microarrays
Anopheles gambiae
Genome, Insect
lcsh:Medicine
Mosquitoes
01 natural sciences
Chromosomal polymorphism
lcsh:Science
Genome Evolution
X chromosome
Chromosomal inversion
Genetics
0303 health sciences
Multidisciplinary
Chromosome Biology
Genomics
Reproductive isolation
3. Good health
Infectious Diseases
Medicine
Female
Research Article
Gene Flow
X Chromosome
DNA Copy Number Variations
Genetic Speciation
Locus (genetics)
Biology
Microbiology
010603 evolutionary biology
Vector Biology
03 medical and health sciences
Anopheles
parasitic diseases
Animals
030304 developmental biology
lcsh:R
Computational Biology
Chromosome
Vectors and Hosts
biology.organism_classification
Chromosomes, Insect
Insect Vectors
Malaria
Chromosome Inversion
lcsh:Q
Population Genetics
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 8
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....6dc89961c101ebaed79453b38c861d04