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Genetic organization of pre-CTX and CTX prophages in the genome of an environmental Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strain
- Source :
- Microbiology. 152:3633-3641
- Publication Year :
- 2006
- Publisher :
- Microbiology Society, 2006.
-
Abstract
- The cholera toxin (CT) is a critical determinant of the virulence of epidemic Vibrio cholerae strains. The ctxAB operon encoding CT is part of the genome of a filamentous bacteriophage CTXΦ, which may integrate as a single copy or as multiple copies in the genome of V. cholerae. The CTXΦ genome is composed of RS2 (2.4 kb) and core (4.5 kb) regions. In the present study extensive genetic mapping analyses indicated that two copies of tandemly arrayed CTX prophages are integrated in the small chromosome of an environmental V. cholerae strain, VCE232, belonging to serogroup O4. Further mapping revealed that the integration of prophages has occurred in the same genetic locus of the small chromosome of VCE232 as that of V. cholerae O1 biotype El Tor strains. Interestingly, a new type of RS2-like element 3.5 kb in size was found in the CTX prophage genome in the small chromosome of VCE232. Cloning followed by sequencing of the new RS2-like element of VCE232 revealed the presence of three ORFs, which probably encode highly divergent types of phage regulatory proteins. Furthermore, the strain VCE232 also harbours two copies of a tandemly arranged CTX prophage devoid of the ctxAB genes, called pre-CTX prophage, in its large chromosome. The presence of multiple copies of diverse CTX prophages in both the chromosomes of VCE232 suggests that toxigenic environmental V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strains could play a role in the emergence of new epidemic clones.
- Subjects :
- Cholera Toxin
Genes, Viral
Prophages
Virus Integration
Molecular Sequence Data
Biology
medicine.disease_cause
Microbiology
Genome
El Tor
Open Reading Frames
Inovirus
Gene mapping
Vibrio cholerae non-O1
Genes, Regulator
medicine
Cloning, Molecular
Vibrio cholerae
Prophage
Recombination, Genetic
Genetics
Physical Chromosome Mapping
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Chromosomes, Bacterial
Provirus
biology.organism_classification
Blotting, Southern
Attachment Sites, Microbiological
Genome, Bacterial
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14652080 and 13500872
- Volume :
- 152
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Microbiology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....6e0eee67c60f30a1d670e1e9303cac30