Landscape Fragmentation and Ecosystem Services: A Reply to Andrieu et al

In a recent opinion article [1], we presented a framework that conceptualized the effects of landscape fragmentation on ecosystem service (ES) provision by considering its impacts on both ES supply and flow. Andrieu et al. [2] assert that our framework contains three errors that weaken its contribution to understanding how landscape changes affect ES provision. However, the three points they raise do not constitute, as they propose, ‘difficulties that undermine’ our framework. Rather, they largely demonstrate the flexibility and utility of our framework across different landscapes and ESs, and we encourage others further to develop, adapt, and test our framework. Below we address each of Andrieu et al.’s points in turn.