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Anisakis Sensitization in the Croatian fish processing workers: Behavioral instead of occupational risk factors?
- Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 14, Iss 1, p e0008038 (2020), PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2020.
-
Abstract
- We undertook the first study systematically evaluating the risk of Anisakis-sensitization in Croatian fish-processing workers and potential genetic susceptibility to anisakiasis. Anti-Anisakis IgE seroprevalence and risk factors for 600 employees of Croatian fish processing facilities and 466 blood donor controls, were assessed by indirect ELISA targeted with: recombinant Ani s 1 and Ani s 7 allergens, an Anisakis crude extract, the commercial ImmunoCAP kit, and questionnaires. Genetic susceptibility to anisakiasis was evaluated by genotypisation of human leukocytes alleles (HLA). Anti-Anisakis seropositive and a fraction of negative subjects were also assessed by ELISA and Western Blot (WB) for IgG seroprevalence to Trichinella spp. Overall, the observed anti-Anisakis seroprevalence inferred by indirect ELISA was significantly higher in fish processing workers (1.8%, 95% CI 0.9–3.3%) compared to the controls (0%, 0–0.8%). Seven out of 11 Ani s 1 and Ani s 7-positives and none of selected 65 negative sera, tested positive on whole-Anisakis extract (ImmunoCAP), whereas Anisakis crude extract ELISA detected 3.9% (2.4–6.0%) seropositives in fish processing workers, three (14%) of which showed IgE reactivity to milk proteins. The highest risk associated with Anisakis-sensitization among workers was fishing in the free time, rather than any of attributes related to the occupational exposure. Although no association was observed between anti-Anisakis seropositivity and wearing gloves or protective goggles, the majority of workers (92%) wore protective gloves, minimizing the risk for Anisakis sensitization via skin contact. Six HLA alleles within DRB1 gene were significantly associated with seropositivity under dominant, allelic or recessive models. All sera confirmed negative for anti-Trichinella spp. IgG. The study exhaustively covered almost all marine fish processing workers in Croatia, reflecting real-time Anisakis sensitization status within the industry, already under the influence of wide array of allergens.<br />Author summary Anisakiasis is a human disease caused by ingestion of live Anisakis spp. larvae by raw seafood. Fish processing and aquaculture workers (approximately 60 million people world-wide) are at occupational risk of becoming sensitized to Anisakis. This is the first study systematically evaluating the risk of Anisakis-sensitization in Croatian fish-processing workers and potential genetic susceptibility to anisakiasis in the analysed population. Observed seroprevalence was significantly higher in fish processing workers (1.8%) compared to the controls (0%). Surprisingly, the highest risk associated with Anisakis-sensitization among workers was fishing in their free time, rather than any of attributes related to the occupational exposure. While no association was observed between anti-Anisakis seropositivity and wearing gloves or protective goggles, the majority of workers (92%) wore protective gloves, minimizing the risk for Anisakis sensitization via skin contact. Additionally, seroprevalence to another important food-borne helminth, Trichinella spp. assessed in all Anisakis-positive subjects showed to be negative. Almost all marine fish processing workers in Croatia were part of this research, reflecting real-time Anisakis-sensitization status within the industry. This sets a baseline for the future tracking of sensitization in the sector already under the influence of wide array of allergens.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Allergy
Nematoda
Food Handling
Economics
Trichinella
RC955-962
Marine and Aquatic Sciences
Social Sciences
Immunoglobulin E
Anisakis
Protective Gloves
0302 clinical medicine
Sociology
Protective Clothing
Risk Factors
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
Allergies
Medicine and Health Sciences
Marine Fish
Public and Occupational Health
Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays
Fish processing
Sensitization
biology
Fishes
Eukaryota
Helminth Proteins
Infectious Diseases
medicine.anatomical_structure
Vertebrates
Social Systems
Engineering and Technology
Safety Equipment
Safety
Antibody
Public aspects of medicine
RA1-1270
Eye Protective Devices
Research Article
Employment
Croatia
Immunology
030231 tropical medicine
Antibodies, Helminth
Equipment
Marine Biology
Research and Analysis Methods
03 medical and health sciences
Occupational Exposure
Hypersensitivity
medicine
Animals
Humans
Seroprevalence
Anisakiasis, Fish processing, Seroprevalence, Croatia
Immunoassays
business.industry
Organisms
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Biology and Life Sciences
Allergens
medicine.disease
biology.organism_classification
Invertebrates
Fish
030104 developmental biology
Antigens, Helminth
Labor Economics
Earth Sciences
Immunologic Techniques
biology.protein
Clinical Immunology
Clinical Medicine
Gloves, Protective
business
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19352735 and 19352727
- Volume :
- 14
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....701dbebbd54bae05a886c8f1f9a459d1