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Long-Term Effects of Bilateral Oophorectomy on Brain Aging: Unanswered Questions from the Mayo Clinic Cohort Study of Oophorectomy and Aging
- Source :
- Women's Health. 5:39-48
- Publication Year :
- 2009
- Publisher :
- SAGE Publications, 2009.
-
Abstract
- In the Mayo Clinic Cohort Study of Oophorectomy and Aging, women who had both ovaries removed before reaching natural menopause experienced a long-term increased risk of parkinsonism, cognitive impairment or dementia, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Here, we discuss five possible mechanistic interpretations of the observed associations; first, the associations may be non-causal because they result from the confounding effect of genetic variants or of other risk factors; second, the associations may be mediated by an abrupt reduction in levels of circulating estrogen; third, the associations may be mediated by an abrupt reduction in levels of circulating progesterone or testosterone; fourth, the associations may be mediated by an increased release of gonadotropins by the pituitary gland; and fifth, genetic variants may modify the hormonal effects of bilateral oophorectomy through simple or more complex interactions. Results from other studies are cited as evidence for or against each possible mechanism. These putative causal mechanisms are probably intertwined, and their clarification is a research priority.
- Subjects :
- Aging
medicine.medical_specialty
medicine.drug_class
Minnesota
Ovariectomy
medicine.medical_treatment
Physiology
Anxiety
Article
Cohort Studies
Risk Factors
Surveys and Questionnaires
Internal medicine
medicine
Humans
Dementia
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Depression (differential diagnoses)
Brain Diseases
Depression
business.industry
Parkinsonism
Oophorectomy
Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic
Neurodegenerative Diseases
General Medicine
medicine.disease
Hormones
Menopause
Endocrinology
Premenopause
Estrogen
Female
medicine.symptom
business
Cohort study
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 17455065
- Volume :
- 5
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Women's Health
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....7063c60d4b17a9805760bd4dc16233ed
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.2217/17455057.5.1.39