Additional file 1 of Ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate ameliorates colitis by promoting M2 macrophage polarization through the STAT6-dependent signaling pathway

Additional file 1: Table S1. BHB significantly increases the expression of Arg-1, TGFb2, TGFb3, Wnt5a and Wnt10b in IL-4-stimulated BMDMs. Table S2. Demographic characteristics of the study population. Table S3. Primer sequences for real-time PCR. Figure S1. BHB is decreased in the colons of DSS-exposed mice. Figure S2. Exogenous BHB intervention does not affect intestinal epithelial barrier. Figure S3. Exogenous BHB intervention affect intestinal microbiota composition. Figure S4. The protective effect of BHB against colitis is not depend on gut microbiota. Figure S5. BHB alleviates DSS-induced colitis through the STAT6-dependent signaling pathway. Figure S6. BHB promotes STAT6 phosphorylation in DSS-induced colitis. Figure S7. Model of how beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) signaling regulates intestinal macrophage M2 polarization in IBD.