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The evolving role of neuro-immune interaction in brain repair after cerebral ischemic stroke
- Source :
- CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics. 24:1100-1114
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- Wiley, 2018.
-
Abstract
- Stroke is the world's leading cause of disability with limited brain repair treatments which effectively improve long‐term neurological deficits. The neuroinflammatory responses persist into the late repair phase of stroke and participate in all brain repair elements, including neurogenesis, angiogenesis, synaptogenesis, remyelination and axonal sprouting, shedding new light on post–stroke brain recovery. Resident brain glial cells, such as astrocytes not only contribute to neuroinflammation after stroke, but also secrete a wide range of trophic factors that can promote post–stroke brain repair. Alternatively, activated microglia, monocytes, and neutrophils in the innate immune system, traditionally considered as major damaging factors after stroke, have been suggested to be extensively involved in brain repair after stroke. The adaptive immune system may also have its bright side during the late regenerative phase, affecting the immune suppressive regulatory T cells and B cells. This review summarizes the recent findings in the evolving role of neuroinflammation in multiple post–stroke brain repair mechanisms and poses unanswered questions that may generate new directions for future research and give rise to novel therapeutic targets to improve stroke recovery.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Neurogenesis
medicine.medical_treatment
Brain Ischemia
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Immune system
Physiology (medical)
medicine
Animals
Humans
Pharmacology (medical)
Remyelination
Review Articles
Stroke
Neuroinflammation
Pharmacology
Innate immune system
business.industry
Brain
medicine.disease
Acquired immune system
Psychiatry and Mental health
030104 developmental biology
medicine.anatomical_structure
Encephalitis
Stroke recovery
business
Neuroglia
Neuroscience
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 17555930
- Volume :
- 24
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....7120539ce0c627a1e821f975b6f5b62a