Pubic osteomyelitis: Epidemiology and factors associated with treatment failure

Objective To describe the epidemiology of pubic osteomyelitis (PO) and to look for factors associated with treatment failure. Method Retrospective study describing PO according to outcome: success or failure of initial management. Factors associated with failure determined by univariate Cox analysis. Kaplan-Meier curve compared between groups by log-rank test. Results Twenty-five patients were included over a 13-year period; 24% of PO had blood-borne infection. Failure (44%) was always observed in chronic postoperative presentations (76%). Fistula (32%) was only observed in postoperative presentations and was significantly associated with failure (HR 5.1; P = 0.011). Other risk factors were pelvic malignant tumor history, abscess, infection due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, and polymicrobial infection. Conclusion PO is most often a chronic postoperative polymicrobial infection in patients with comorbidities at high risk of relapse. Studies in larger cohorts could assess the efficacy of more aggressive surgical strategies in patients at high risk of failure.