Antimüllerian hormone among women with and without type 1 diabetes: the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study and the Michigan Bone Health and Metabolism Study

Objective To compare concentrations of antimullerian hormone (AMH) in women with and without type 1 diabetes. Design Cross-sectional analysis of longitudinal studies, adjusting for repeated measures. Setting Not applicable. Patient(s) Women aged 30–45 years who had not undergone oophorectomy, hysterectomy, or natural menopause at the time of AMH measurement were included (n = 376 in the Michigan Bone Health and Metabolism Study and n=321 in the Epidemiology of Interventions and Complications Study). Linear mixed regression was used to evaluate whether AMH concentrations differed by diabetes status, adjusting for repeated measurements of AMH within individual women, body mass index, smoking status, and oral contraceptive use. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Concentrations of AMH. Result(s) In unadjusted comparisons, women with and without diabetes had similar median AMH values before 35 years of age, although women with type 1 diabetes had a lower proportion of women with elevated AMH concentrations (≥5.0 ng/dL). After adjustment for covariates and multiple observations per woman, log AMH concentrations were significantly lower among women with type 1 diabetes compared with women without diabetes (β-coefficient −1.27, 95% confidence interval [−2.18, −0.36] in fully adjusted models) before 35 years of age. Conclusion(s) Before 35 years of age, women with type 1 diabetes have lower AMH levels than women without diabetes. Further investigation is needed to determine the etiologies of this difference and how it may contribute to reproductive disorders among women with type 1 diabetes.