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Hydrothermal Carbonization of Fruit Wastes: A Promising Technique for Generating Hydrochar
- Source :
- Energies, Vol 11, Iss 8, p 2022 (2018), Energies; Volume 11; Issue 8; Pages: 2022
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2018.
-
Abstract
- Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a useful method to convert wet biomass to value-added products. Fruit waste generated in juice industries is a huge source of moist feedstock for such conversion to produce hydrochar. This paper deals with four types of fruit wastes as feedstocks for HTC; namely, rotten apple (RA), apple chip pomace (ACP), apple juice pomace (AJP), and grape pomace (GP). The operating conditions for HTC processing were 190 °C, 225 °C, and 260 °C for 15 min. For all samples, higher heating value and fixed carbon increased, while volatile matter and oxygen content decreased after HTC. Except for ACP, the ash content of all samples increased after 225 °C. For RA, AJP, and GP, the possible explanation for increased ash content above 225 °C is that the hydrochar increases in porosity after 230 °C. It was observed that an increase in HTC temperature resulted in an increase in the mass yield for RA and GP, which is in contrast with increasing HTC temperature for lignocellulose biomass. Other characterization tests like thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also showed that the HTC process can be successfully used to convert fruit wastes into valuable products.
- Subjects :
- Thermogravimetric analysis
Control and Optimization
020209 energy
Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Biomass
02 engineering and technology
010501 environmental sciences
Raw material
7. Clean energy
01 natural sciences
lcsh:Technology
hydrothermal carbonization
Hydrothermal carbonization
mass yield
fruit waste
energy density
characterization
0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Porosity
Engineering (miscellaneous)
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Chemistry
lcsh:T
Pomace
Pulp and paper industry
Yield (chemistry)
Heat of combustion
Energy (miscellaneous)
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19961073
- Volume :
- 11
- Issue :
- 8
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Energies
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....7588d10d2a79a200e9771f965205fc42