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Oncolytic Virotherapy in Solid Tumors: The Challenges and Achievements
- Source :
- Cancers, Cancers, Vol 13, Iss 588, p 588 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Simple Summary Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) could be applied in cancer immunotherapy without in-depth knowledge of tumor antigens. Improving efficacy, employing immunostimulatory elements, changing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to inflammatory TME, optimizing their delivery system, and increasing the safety are the main areas of OVs manipulations. Recently, the reciprocal interaction of OVs and TME has become a hot topic for investigators to enhance the efficacy of OVT with less off-target adverse events. Current investigations suggest that the main application of OVT is to provoke the antitumor immune response in the TME, which synergize the effects of other immunotherapies such as immune-checkpoint blockers and adoptive cell therapy. In this review, we focused on the effects of OVs on the TME and antitumor immune responses. Furthermore, OVT challenges, including its moderate efficiency, safety concerns, and delivery strategies, along with recent achievements to overcome challenges, are thoroughly discussed. Abstract Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) could be applied in cancer immunotherapy without in-depth knowledge of tumor antigens. The capability of genetic modification makes OVs exciting therapeutic tools with a high potential for manipulation. Improving efficacy, employing immunostimulatory elements, changing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to inflammatory TME, optimizing their delivery system, and increasing the safety are the main areas of OVs manipulations. Recently, the reciprocal interaction of OVs and TME has become a hot topic for investigators to enhance the efficacy of OVT with less off-target adverse events. Current investigations suggest that the main application of OVT is to provoke the antitumor immune response in the TME, which synergize the effects of other immunotherapies such as immune-checkpoint blockers and adoptive cell therapy. In this review, we focused on the effects of OVs on the TME and antitumor immune responses. Furthermore, OVT challenges, including its moderate efficiency, safety concerns, and delivery strategies, along with recent achievements to overcome challenges, are thoroughly discussed.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Cancer Research
medicine.medical_treatment
Review
lcsh:RC254-282
Cell therapy
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Cancer immunotherapy
Medicine
tumor microenvironment
genetic modification
oncolytic virus
Tumor microenvironment
business.industry
lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens
antitumor immune response
Oncolytic virus
030104 developmental biology
Oncology
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Cancer research
Delivery system
sense organs
delivery
business
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 20726694
- Volume :
- 13
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Cancers
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....75991afa0124f6f89fd446e94a1b41fc