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Determination of Curcuminoids, Piperine, Boswellic Acids and Andrographolides in Food and Dietary Supplements by HPLC
- Source :
- Food Technology and Biotechnology, Volume 60, Issue 4
- Publication Year :
- 2022
- Publisher :
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 2022.
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Abstract
- Research background. As use of functional food and herbal combination products is ever increasing, methods for quality control of such preparations are necessary. Moreover, low quality of products can cause either lack of benefit or harm to the consumer. In this work, determination of three curcuminoids, piperine, six boswellic acids and three andrographolides, often used in combination products, was carried out in raw materials and dietary supplements. Experimental approach. After extraction optimization using Box-Behnken design, maximum active substance yields were obtained using 81.5% ethanol in hydroethanolic extraction solvent, 30 min sonication time and 60 °C extraction temperature. Afterwards, a high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated, with special attention paid to selectivity, precision and robustness of the method. Lastly, 54 food and dietary supplement samples were analyzed. Results and conclusions. Most products were bought locally, from credible vendors and they all complied with relevant regulatory requirements. However, products obtained on the Internet contained little to no active substances (24% of samples contained less than 20% declared content), presumably showing no efficacy, or were either found to be likely adulterated or contained very high amounts of active substances, compromising safety in terms of dose-dependent adverse effects (one sample containing andrographolides) and pharmacokinetic interactions (one sample containing piperine). In conclusion, consumers should refrain from purchasing such products from the Internet and obtain them only from verified suppliers such as local pharmacies or health stores. Novelty and scientific contribution. This work demonstrates the first developed method for the analysis of aforementioned combination products, which are on the rise today. The method is simple and robust and can be adapted by most laboratories for routine quality control of the said products. Moreover, the work sheds light on the low quality of several products and signifies the need for increased consumer awareness of dangers of taking such products.<br />Pozadina istraživanja. S obzirom na to da je uporaba funkcionalne hrane i biljnih dodataka prehrani u porastu, nužno je razviti metode za kontrolu njihove kvalitete. Loša kvaliteta proizvoda može smanjiti njihovu učinkovitost ili imati štetni učinak na zdravlje potrošača. U ovom radu su određena tri spoja iz skupine kurkuminoida, piperin, šest spojeva iz skupine bosveličnih kiselina te tri spoja iz skupine andrografolida u uzorcima hrane i dodataka prehrani. Eksperimentalni pristup. Optimiranjem postupka ekstrakcije primjenom Box-Behnkenovog dizajna utvrđeno je da se najveće iskorištenje aktivnih tvari postiže pomoću 81,5 % etanola kao ekstrakcijskog sredstva, vremena sonikacije od 30 min i temperature ekstrakcije od 60 °C. Potom je razvijena i validirana metoda tekućinske kromatografije visoke djelotvornosti, s posebnim naglaskom na validacijske parametre: selektivnost, preciznost i otpornost. Naposlijetku, metoda je primijenjena za analizu 54 uzoraka hrane i dodataka prehrani. Rezultati i zaključci. Većina proizvoda je nabavljena od pouzdanih dobavljača te odgovara zahtjevima relevantnih regulatornih tijela. S druge strane, proizvodi nabavljeni putem interneta sadržavali su niske količine aktivnih tvari (24 % uzoraka sadržavalo je manje od 20 % deklariranog sadržaja). Dio uzoraka sadržavao je iznimno velike količine djelatnih tvari, zbog čega njihova primjena može dovesti do neželjenih popratnih pojava (jedan uzorak koji sadrži andrografolide) i farmakokinetičkih interakcija (jedan uzorak koji sadrži piperin). Zaključeno je da bi potrošači trebali na to obratiti pažnju prilikom kupovine ovih proizvoda te ih nabavljati od provjerenih proizvođača. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Ovo istraživanje po prvi put prikazuje metodu istovremene analize gore navedenih proizvoda. Predložena metoda je jednostavna i pouzdana, te se može implementirati u većini laboratorija koji provode rutinske kontrole kvalitete navedenih proizvoda. Štoviše, ovo istraživanje rasvjetljava lošu kvalitetu pojedinih proizvoda, te naglašava potrebu osviještenosti potrošača prilikom nabave takvih proizvoda.
- Subjects :
- functional food
quality control
Box-Behnken design
curcuminoids
boswellic acids
andrographolides
General Chemical Engineering
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Food Science
Biotechnology
funkcionalna hrana
kontrola kvalitete
Box-Behnken dizajn
kurkuminoidi
bosvelične kiseline
andrografolidi
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 13342606 and 13309862
- Volume :
- 60
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Food Technology and Biotechnology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....76aeab1a63814c48636e56bc88afa998