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Exploring the Multifunctional Roles of Odontoglossum Ringspot Virus P126 in Facilitating Cymbidium Mosaic Virus Cell-to-Cell Movement during Mixed Infection

Authors :
Yau-Heiu Hsu
Meng-Hsun He
Hsuan Pai
Shu-Chuan Lee
Wen Chi Chang
Na-Sheng Lin
Ying-Wen Huang
Song-Yi Kuo
Yun-Lin Song
Source :
Viruses, Vol 13, Iss 1552, p 1552 (2021), Viruses, Volume 13, Issue 8
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2021.

Abstract

Synergistic interactions among viruses, hosts and/or transmission vectors during mixed infection can alter viral titers, symptom severity or host range. Viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) are considered one of such factors contributing to synergistic responses. Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) and cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV), which are two of the most significant orchid viruses, exhibit synergistic symptom intensification in Phalaenopsis orchids with unilaterally enhanced CymMV movement by ORSV. In order to reveal the underlying mechanisms, we generated infectious cDNA clones of ORSV and CymMV isolated from Phalaenopsis that exerted similar unilateral synergism in both Phalaenopsis orchid and Nicotiana benthamiana. Moreover, we show that the ORSV replicase P126 is a VSR. Mutagenesis analysis revealed that mutation of the methionine in the carboxyl terminus of ORSV P126 abolished ORSV replication even though some P126 mutants preserved VSR activity, indicating that the VSR function of P126 alone is not sufficient for viral replication. Thus, P126 functions in both ORSV replication and as a VSR. Furthermore, P126 expression enhanced cell-to-cell movement and viral titers of CymMV in infected Phalaenopsis flowers and N. benthamiana leaves. Taking together, both the VSR and protein function of P126 might be prerequisites for unilaterally enhancing CymMV cell-to-cell movement by ORSV.

Details

ISSN :
19994915
Volume :
13
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Viruses
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....78bac72fcc1058e2fe9d8cc946d2f82f
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/v13081552