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Exploring the Multifunctional Roles of Odontoglossum Ringspot Virus P126 in Facilitating Cymbidium Mosaic Virus Cell-to-Cell Movement during Mixed Infection
- Source :
- Viruses, Vol 13, Iss 1552, p 1552 (2021), Viruses, Volume 13, Issue 8
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Synergistic interactions among viruses, hosts and/or transmission vectors during mixed infection can alter viral titers, symptom severity or host range. Viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) are considered one of such factors contributing to synergistic responses. Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) and cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV), which are two of the most significant orchid viruses, exhibit synergistic symptom intensification in Phalaenopsis orchids with unilaterally enhanced CymMV movement by ORSV. In order to reveal the underlying mechanisms, we generated infectious cDNA clones of ORSV and CymMV isolated from Phalaenopsis that exerted similar unilateral synergism in both Phalaenopsis orchid and Nicotiana benthamiana. Moreover, we show that the ORSV replicase P126 is a VSR. Mutagenesis analysis revealed that mutation of the methionine in the carboxyl terminus of ORSV P126 abolished ORSV replication even though some P126 mutants preserved VSR activity, indicating that the VSR function of P126 alone is not sufficient for viral replication. Thus, P126 functions in both ORSV replication and as a VSR. Furthermore, P126 expression enhanced cell-to-cell movement and viral titers of CymMV in infected Phalaenopsis flowers and N. benthamiana leaves. Taking together, both the VSR and protein function of P126 might be prerequisites for unilaterally enhancing CymMV cell-to-cell movement by ORSV.
- Subjects :
- Phalaenopsis
Cymbidium mosaic virus
viruses
Mutagenesis (molecular biology technique)
Nicotiana benthamiana
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Virus Replication
Microbiology
Article
odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV)
viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR)
Plant Cells
Virology
Tobacco
Orchidaceae
biology
Coinfection
Odontoglossum ringspot virus
Tobamovirus
cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV)
Drug Synergism
biology.organism_classification
QR1-502
Potexvirus
RNA silencing
Infectious Diseases
Viral replication
viral synergism
Microbial Interactions
RNA, Viral
Capsid Proteins
RNA Interference
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19994915
- Volume :
- 13
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Viruses
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....78bac72fcc1058e2fe9d8cc946d2f82f
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/v13081552