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Stage-specific immune responses in human Necator americanus infection
- Source :
- Parasite Immunology
- Publication Year :
- 2007
-
Abstract
- We describe how hookworms interact with their human hosts by comparing lymphocyte phenotyping, proliferative responses, and cytokine and chemokine secretion patterns in adults who are either mono-infected with Necator americanus or egg-negative controls resident in an area of high transmission in Brazil. Cellular immune responses against crude hookworm antigen extracts from different developmental stages were evaluated simultaneously. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the standardized immune responses. Random effects multivariate regression was then used to investigate whether principal components (PC) differ between the two groups once potential confounders and effect modifiers have been accounted for. Although hookworm patients had reduced percentages of T and B cells, they had higher levels of activated CD4(+) T and CD19(+) B cells. This state of 'immune activation' coincided with lower proliferative responses, especially to third-stage larval antigen. Cytokine levels in mono-infected adults were also lower and characterized by a mixed Th1/Th2-type profile. Excretory/secretory antigen from adult worms was a potent modulator of the immune response, resulting in diminished TNF-alpha and IL-10 secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from hookworm infected patients. We propose that the longevity of hookworms in their human hosts results from a stage-specific, down-modulation of the immune response.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
Adolescent
Necator americanus
Lymphocyte
medicine.medical_treatment
Immunology
T cells
Lymphocyte Activation
CD19
immune response
Host-Parasite Interactions
Necatoriasis
Immune system
Antigen
principal components analysis
parasitic diseases
medicine
Animals
Humans
Aged
Life Cycle Stages
Principal Component Analysis
biology
Middle Aged
medicine.disease
biology.organism_classification
Original Papers
Lymphocyte Subsets
cytokines
medicine.anatomical_structure
Cytokine
Antigens, Helminth
Chemokine secretion
biology.protein
Parasitology
Female
hookworm
Brazil
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 01419838
- Volume :
- 29
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Parasite immunology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....79c144dd03224d64a071c676bf5aa2c6