Plant based diet and cardio-metabolic disease

Wójcik Magdalena, Dąbrowska Justyna, Borowik Joanna, Kuśmierczuk Kinga, Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina. Plant based diet and cardio-metabolic disease. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2020;10(5):149-157. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.05.015 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.05.015 https://zenodo.org/record/3842052 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.05.2020. Revised: 10.05.2020. Accepted: 25.05.2020. Plant based diet and cardio-metabolic disease Magdalena Wójcik1, Justyna Dąbrowska1, Joanna Borowik1, Kinga Kuśmierczuk1, Halina Piecewicz-Szczęsna2 Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland Chair and Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin ORCID ID: Justyna Dąbrowska https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1356-6965 Magdalena Wójcik https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0999-6284 Joanna Borowik https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-6207 Kinga Kuśmierczuk https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7193-0705 Halina Piecewicz-Szczęsna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0573-7226 Abstract Introduction: Modern lifestyle, especially diet have a great impact on health. The number of people suffering from conditions related to lifestyle is growing rapidly. Illnesses related to lifestyle, specifically to diet are large health and economic burdens, which makes them the leading priorities of our time. Coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, type 2 diabetes, and obesity are some of cardio-metabolic diseases related to diet. Plant-based diets are dietary patterns in which a high intake of plant food is emphasized and the intake of animal products is limited. Plant based diet was associated with decreased risk of cardio-metabolic disease. The aim of the study: The purpose of this systemic review was to collect and analyse current data of plant based diet and its effect on health. Material and method: Standard criteria were used to review the literature data. The search of articles in the PubMed and Google Scholar database was carried out using the following keywords: plant based diet, vegetarian diet, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia. Description of the state of knowledge: Red meat and, especially processed meat, is source of cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, and sodium, which makes it a risk factors for metabolic disorders. Healthy plant based diet can positively affect cardiovascular health in many ways. High fiber content makes those diets low in energy density, flavonoids that are present in fruits and vegetables and also high content of antioxidants. Plant based diet was also shown to be helpful in reducing weight. Summary: Many risk factors of cardio-metabolic disease are related to our lifestyle and dietary choices . Changes towards plant based diet can be beneficial for our health in many ways. Healthy plant based diet should be considered as a nonpharmaceutical approach to prevent and treat cardio-metabolic diseases. Key words: plant based diet, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes