Innate Immunity and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Response in Hemodialysis Patients

Patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) have more inflammatory monocytes and less plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) compared with healthy controls. Patients on HD who have a poor antibody response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine had fewer monocyte-derived DCs and conventional DCs compared with good responders. The defects in antigen presentation might be possible therapeutic targets to increase vaccine efficacy in HD patients.