Back to Search
Start Over
Sugary Soda Consumption and Albuminuria: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2004
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, Vol 3, Iss 10, p e3431 (2008), PLoS ONE
- Publication Year :
- 2008
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2008.
-
Abstract
- BACKGROUND: End-stage renal disease rates rose following widespread introduction of high fructose corn syrup in the American diet, supporting speculation that fructose harms the kidney. Sugar-sweetened soda is a primary source of fructose. We therefore hypothesized that sugary soda consumption was associated with albuminuria, a sensitive marker for kidney disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Design was a cross-sectional analysis. Data were drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2004. The setting was a representative United States population sample. Participants included adults 20 years and older with no history of diabetes mellitus (n = 12,601); after exclusions for missing outcome and covariate information (n = 3,243), the analysis dataset consisted of 9,358 subjects. Exposure was consumption of two or more sugary soft drinks, based on 24-hour dietary recall. The main outcome measure was Albuminuria, defined by albumin to creatinine ratio cutpoints of >17 mg/g (males) and >25 mg/g (females). Logistic regression adjusted for confounders (diet soda, age, race-ethnicity, gender, poverty). Interactions between age, race-ethnicity, gender, and overweight-obesity were explored. Further analysis adjusted for potential mediators: energy intake, basal metabolic rate, obesity, hypertension, lipids, serum uric acid, smoking, energy expenditure, and glycohemoglobin. Alternative soda intake definitions and cola consumption were employed. RESULTS: Weighted albuminuria prevalence was 11%, and 17% consumed 2+ sugary soft drinks/day. The confounder-adjusted odds ratio for sugary soda was 1.40 (95% confidence interval: 1.13, 1.74). Associations were modified by gender (p = 0.008) and overweight-obesity (p = 0.014). Among women, the OR was 1.86 (95% CI: 1.37, 2.53); the OR among males was not significant. In the group with body mass under 25 kg/m(2), OR = 2.15 (95% confidence interval: 1.42, 3.25). Adjustment for potential mediators and use of alternative definitions of albuminuria and soda consumption did not appreciably change results. Diet sodas were not associated with albuminuria. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that sugary soda consumption may be associated with kidney damage, although moderate consumption of 1 or fewer sodas does not appear to be harmful. Additional studies are needed to assess whether HFCS itself, overall excess intake of sugar, or unmeasured lifestyle and confounding factors are responsible.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
medicine.medical_specialty
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Cross-sectional study
Public Health and Epidemiology
lcsh:Medicine
Carbonated Beverages
Internal medicine
Environmental health
medicine
Albuminuria
Humans
lcsh:Science
Nutrition
Multidisciplinary
High-fructose corn syrup
business.industry
lcsh:R
Nephrology/Chronic Kidney Disease
Odds ratio
Nutrition Surveys
medicine.disease
Obesity
United States
Confidence interval
Cross-Sectional Studies
Endocrinology
Nephrology
Female
lcsh:Q
Public Health and Epidemiology/Epidemiology
medicine.symptom
business
Body mass index
Public Health and Epidemiology/Social and Behavioral Determinants of Health
Research Article
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 3
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....7aa0319c6e8b16cfc94533a6da78bc12