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Environmentally triggered shifts in steelhead migration behavior and consequences for survival in the mid-Columbia River
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 5, p e0250831 (2021), PLoS ONE
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2021.
-
Abstract
- The majority of Columbia River summer-run steelhead encounter high river temperatures (near or > 20°C) during their spawning migration. While some steelhead pass through the mid-Columbia River in a matter of days, others use tributary habitats as temperature refuges for periods that can last months. Using PIT tag detection data from adult return years 2004–2016, we fit 3-component mixture models to differentiate between “fast”, “slow”, and “overwintering” migration behaviors in five aggregated population groups. Fast fish migrated straight through the reach on average in ~7–9 days while slow fish delayed their migration for weeks to months, and overwintering fish generally took ~150–250 days. We then fit covariate models to examine what factors contributed to the probability of migration delay during summer months (slow or overwintering behaviors), and to explore how migration delay related to mortality. Finally, to account for the impact of extended residence times in the reach for fish that delayed, we compared patterns in estimated average daily rates of mortality between migration behaviors and across population groups. Results suggest that migration delay was primarily triggered by high river temperatures but temperature thresholds for delay were lowest just before the seasonal peak in river temperatures. While all populations groups demonstrated these general patterns, we documented substantial variability in temperature thresholds and length of average delays across population groups. Although migration delay was related to higher reach mortality, it was also related to lower average daily mortality rates due to the proportional increase in reach passage duration being larger than the associated increase in mortality. Lower daily mortality rates suggest that migration delay could help mitigate the impacts of harsh migration conditions, presumably through the use of thermal refuges, despite prolonged exposure to local fisheries. Future studies tracking individual populations from their migration through reproduction could help illuminate the full extent of the tradeoffs between different migration behaviors.
- Subjects :
- Social Sciences
Marine and Aquatic Sciences
Aquaculture
Salmon
Psychology
Overwintering
media_common
education.field_of_study
Multidisciplinary
geography.geographical_feature_category
biology
Animal Behavior
Mortality rate
Reproduction
Temperature
Eukaryota
Agriculture
Freshwater Fish
Habitat
Osteichthyes
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Vertebrates
Freshwater fish
Medicine
Research Article
Freshwater Environments
Death Rates
media_common.quotation_subject
Science
Population
Fisheries
Fish physiology
Rivers
Population Metrics
Tributary
Animals
education
Ecosystem
geography
Behavior
Population Biology
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Organisms
Biology and Life Sciences
Aquatic Environments
Collective Animal Behavior
Bodies of Water
biology.organism_classification
Fish
Earth Sciences
Animal Migration
Zoology
Demography
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 16
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....7afa881676aea7ec713ef6a2d26f0c91