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Cigarette smoking is associated with high HIV viral load among adults presenting for antiretroviral therapy in Vietnam
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 3, p e0173534 (2017), PLoS ONE
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2017.
-
Abstract
- High HIV viral load (VL >100,000 cp/ml) is associated with increased HIV transmission risk, faster progression to AIDS, and reduced response to some antiretroviral regimens. To better understand factors associated with high VL, we examined characteristics of patients presenting for treatment in Hanoi, Vietnam. We examined baseline data from the Viral Load Monitoring in Vietnam Study, a randomized controlled trial of routine VL monitoring in a population starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) at a clinic in Hanoi. Patients with prior treatment failure or ART resistance were excluded. Characteristics examined included demographics, clinical and laboratory data, and substance use. Logistic regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Out of 636 patients, 62.7% were male, 72.9% were ≥30 years old, and 28.3% had a history of drug injection. Median CD4 was 132 cells/mm3, and 34.9% were clinical stage IV. Active cigarette smoking was reported by 36.3% with 14.0% smoking >10 cigarettes per day. Alcohol consumption was reported by 20.1% with 6.1% having ≥5 drinks per event. Overall 53.0% had a VL >100,000 cp/ml. Male gender, low body weight, low CD4 count, prior TB, and cigarette smoking were associated with high VL. Those who smoked 1-10 cigarettes per day were more likely to have high VL (aOR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.15-3.45), while the smaller number of patients who smoked >10 cigarettes per day had a non-significant trend toward higher VL (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.75-2.66). Alcohol consumption was not significantly associated with high VL. Tobacco use is increasingly recognized as a contributor to premature morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected patients. In our study, cigarette smoking in the last 30 days was associated with a 1.5 to 2-fold higher odds of having an HIV VL >100,000 cp/ml among patients presenting for ART. These findings provide further evidence of the negative effects of tobacco use among HIV-infected patients.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Male
RNA viruses
Bacterial Diseases
lcsh:Medicine
HIV Infections
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Severity of Illness Index
Geographical Locations
Habits
0302 clinical medicine
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Risk Factors
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
Medicine and Health Sciences
Smoking Habits
Public and Occupational Health
030212 general & internal medicine
Treatment Failure
Young adult
lcsh:Science
Drug injection
education.field_of_study
Multidisciplinary
Alcohol Consumption
Smoking
Middle Aged
Viral Load
Vaccination and Immunization
Infectious Diseases
Vietnam
Medical Microbiology
Viral Pathogens
Viruses
Disease Progression
Female
Pathogens
Viral load
Research Article
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty
Asia
Adolescent
Population
Immunology
Antiretroviral Therapy
Opportunistic Infections
Microbiology
03 medical and health sciences
Young Adult
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Antiviral Therapy
Internal medicine
Virology
Severity of illness
Retroviruses
medicine
Humans
Tuberculosis
education
Microbial Pathogens
Aged
Nutrition
Behavior
business.industry
Lentivirus
lcsh:R
Organisms
Biology and Life Sciences
HIV
Odds ratio
medicine.disease
Tropical Diseases
Confidence interval
CD4 Lymphocyte Count
Diet
030104 developmental biology
People and Places
HIV-1
lcsh:Q
Preventive Medicine
business
Viral Transmission and Infection
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 12
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS ONE
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....7b0d4f82bb20ec4e489ea3dbd01300a5