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Association of proton-pump inhibitor use with adverse health outcomes: A systematic umbrella review of meta-analyses of cohort studies and randomised controlled trials
- Source :
- British journal of clinical pharmacologyREFERENCES. 88(4)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- AIMS: The aim was to perform an umbrella review to summarise the existing evidence on proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) use and adverse outcomes and to grade the certainty of evidence. METHODS: Electronic databases were searched up to July 2021 for meta-analyses of cohort studies and/or randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Summary effect sizes from a random-effects model, between-study heterogeneity, 95% prediction interval, small-study effect, excess significance and credibility ceilings were devised to classify the credibility of evidence from meta-analyses of cohort studies, whereas the GRADE approach was used for meta-analyses of RCTs. RESULTS: In meta-analyses of cohort studies, 52 of the 91 examined associations were statistically significant (P ≤ .05). Convincing evidence emerged from main analysis for the association between PPI use and risk of all-site fracture and chronic kidney disease in the elderly population. However, none of these associations remained supported by convincing evidence after sensitivity analyses. The use of PPI is also associated with an increased risk of mortality due to COVID-19 infection and other related adverse outcomes, but the quality of evidence was weak. In meta-analyses of RCTs, 38 of the 63 examined associations were statistically significant. However, no associations were supported by high or moderate-quality evidence. CONCLUSION: This study's findings imply that most putative adverse outcomes associated with PPI use may not be supported by high-quality evidence and are likely to have been affected by underlying confounding factors. Future research is needed to confirm the causal association between PPI use and risk of fracture and chronic kidney disease.
- Subjects :
- medicine.medical_specialty
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
medicine.drug_class
Proton-pump inhibitor
law.invention
Cohort Studies
Randomized controlled trial
Meta-Analysis as Topic
law
Internal medicine
medicine
Humans
Pharmacology (medical)
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Association (psychology)
Aged
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Pharmacology
business.industry
Confounding
COVID-19
Proton Pump Inhibitors
medicine.disease
Meta-analysis
business
Kidney disease
Cohort study
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 13652125
- Volume :
- 88
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- British journal of clinical pharmacologyREFERENCES
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....7b44f2b197992d89b59963ab7ab49b56