A Review of the Anatomy of the Male Continence Mechanism and the Cause of Urinary Incontinence After Prostatectomy

Radical prostatectomy was first described by Dr. Hugh Hampton Young in 1905 as a treatment for prostate cancer. Since that time, urinary incontinence has been reported as a significant postsurgical problem. With the expanding interest in continence therapy and an increase in the number of men undergoing prostate cancer surgery, there is a concomitant need for detailed consideration of the cause of postprostatectomy incontinence. Urinary leakage after radical prostatectomy is not, as traditionally thought, a simple case of stress urinary incontinence. Instead, it represents a complex, multifactorial problem that continues to challenge practitioners and researchers alike. An overview of the anatomy of the male continence mechanism is provided, followed by a discussion of the cause and risk factors implicated in postprostatectomy incontinence and suggestions for further research.