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Mediterranean alien harmful algal blooms: Origins and impacts
- Source :
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28. SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
- Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are mostly phytoplankton blooms, which have detrimental environmental and socioeconomic impacts. The Mediterranean Sea due to its enclosed nature is of special concern since it has an enormously rich native biodiversity. Though, it is also the world’s most invaded marine ecosystem and is considered at very high risk of future invasions. The aim of this review study is to explore the origins, establishment, environmental, and socioeconomic impacts of HABs caused by nonnative algal species in the Mediterranean Sea. Based on this, it is also discussed whether HABs form an increasing threat in the basin, and what could possibly be done to prevent or to minimize their impacts. The increasing rate of their introduction and the harmful impacts that they have on the environment, economy, and human health makes it important to have accurate knowledge about HABs. Anthropogenic activities and climate change are considered the main contributors of alien invasions but also the main enablers of HAB events. Mediterranean HABs are adequately studied, but there are no studies purposefully concerning invasive microalgae species in the basin. In the present study, 20 species have been identified, and an attempt has been made to collect their introduction information, as well as known or suspected impacts. Future research should be focused on data mining, current legislation updates, and monitoring of Mediterranean coastlines.
- Subjects :
- 0106 biological sciences
Mediterranean climate
GULF
Climate Change
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Biodiversity
Syndromes
Climate change
Invasive alien species
Alien
TOXINS
010501 environmental sciences
01 natural sciences
Algal bloom
EPIPHYTIC DINOFLAGELLATE ASSEMBLAGES
Mediterranean sea
ANNOTATED LIST
Phytoplankton
Mediterranean Sea
Humans
Environmental Chemistry
Marine ecosystem
Pathways
Ecosystem
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
CF. OVATA
CLIMATE-CHANGE
SEA
Harmful algal bloom
Ecology
010604 marine biology & hydrobiology
General Medicine
DINOPHYCEAE
Environmental Toxicity Assessment: State of the Art and Future Directions in a World of Arising Threats
Pollution
Geography
Introductions
HEALTH
Toxin
Introduced Species
COASTAL WATERS
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 09441344
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28. SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....7ce434af51822a4e1d70a2948696930f