Novel broad-spectrum and long-acting parenteral cephalosporins having an acyl cyanamide moiety at the C-3 terminal: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships

A series of novel 7β-[2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-(Z)-(alkoxyimino)acetamido]-cephalosporins having pyridinium-linked acyl cyanamide at the C-3 position were prepared and their antibacterial activities and pharmacokinetics profiles were evaluated. Most of the compounds exhibited potent antibacterial activities against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP) and β-lactamase non-producing penicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae (BLNAR). Introduction of a propenyl group between the cephalospoin core and the side chains at the C-3 position improved the pharmacokinetics profile. Among these compounds, 7β-[2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-(Z)- (alkoxyimino)acetamido]-3-(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl)cephalosporins (32j) showed well-balanced antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae which included resistant strains and also other Gram-positive or Gram-negative pathogens. Furthermore, 32j showed a long half-life comparable to that of Ceftriaxone in mice and monkeys.