Can paraplegia by disruption of the spinal cord tissue be reversed? the signs of a new perspective

Institute of Animal Health and Production/Federal Rural University of Amazon. Grant Number: ISPA 20/2018 Federal Rural University of Amazonia. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Institute of Animal Health and Production. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Federal Rural University of Amazonia. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Institute of Animal Health and Production. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Federal Rural University of Amazonia. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Institute of Animal Health and Production. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Federal Rural University of Amazonia. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Institute of Animal Health and Production. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Federal Rural University of Amazonia. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Institute of Animal Health and Production. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Freelance Veterinary Medicine. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Federal Rural University of Amazonia. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Institute of Animal Health and Production. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Federal Rural University of Amazonia. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Institute of Animal Health and Production. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil / Federal University of Par?. Institute of Natural Sciences. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil / Federal University of Par?. Institute of Natural Sciences. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. University of S?o Paulo. Institute of Biomedical Sciences. Department of Microbiology. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil. University of S?o Paulo. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science. Department of Surgery. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil. University of S?o Paulo. Institute of Biomedical Sciences. Department of Microbiology. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil. University of S?o Paulo. Institute of Biomedical Sciences. Department of Microbiology. S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil. Federal Rural University of Amazonia. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Institute of Animal Health and Production. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Central nervous system (CNS) trauma is often related to tissue loss, leading to partial or complete disruption of spinal cord function due to neuronal death. Although generally irreversible, traditional therapeutic efforts, such as physical therapy exercises, are generally recommended, but with a poor or reduced improvement of the microenvironment, which in turn stimulates neuroplasticity and neuroregeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have paracrine, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects. Here we use stem cells to see if they can promote not only physical but also the functional regeneration of neuronal tissue in dogs with CNS traumas. Two dogs, one with chronic spinal cord injury and one with subacute spinal cord injury, underwent infusion of autologous MSCs in association with physiotherapy. The two treatments in combination were able to partially or completely recover the dog's walking movement again. The treatment of MSCs in association with physical therapy improved the microenvironment, which could be evidence of a paradigm shift that the CNS is not capable of functional regeneration after aggressive traumas.