Can a new ward environment and intensive allied health staffing model enhance therapeutic opportunities in trauma care? A behavioural mapping study of patients' activities and interactions

Objective The aim of this study was to assess changes in patient activities and interactions observed in response to a new trauma ward at a level 1 trauma centre, and subsequently, a new allied health staffing model. Design Explorative case study using behavioural mapping. Setting Level 1 trauma centre in Melbourne, Australia. Participants Hospitalised trauma patients. Main measures Behavioural mapping of patients’ activities and interactions was conducted by two observers over three 4-day observation phases: (i) at baseline, (ii) on the new ward and (iii) with the new staffing model. Changes in activities and interactions were assessed via negative binomial regression models and reported as incident rate ratios. Results In total, 1264 patient observations were recorded over an 18-month period. After moving to the new ward, patients were observed performing activities of daily living at a 2.1-fold higher rate than at baseline (95% confidence interval: 1.18, 3.81) but walking/standing/climbing stairs 54% less (95% confidence interval: 0.22, 0.94). Subsequent to the new staffing model, patients were observed in the gym at a 4.1-fold higher rate (95% confidence interval: 1.60, 10.32) and interacting with allied health professionals at a 9.1-fold higher rate (95% confidence interval: 4.88, 16.98), than at baseline. After COVID-19 restrictions were introduced, patients were observed lying down 22% more (95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.43), with 73% fewer visitor interactions (95% confidence interval: 0.17, 0.43). Conclusions Greater engagement in physical and social activities was observed following the implementation of the new allied health staffing model at a level 1 trauma centre. Whether these changes translate to improved trauma outcomes is important to investigate.