Indication of Liver Transplantation in the Treatment of Newly Categorized Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure In Japan

This study aims to validate Japanese diagnostic criteria for acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and confirm the feasibility of performing transplantation.We included 60 patients with acute liver injury. Demographic and clinical features were retrospectively collected, and the primary outcome was compared among 4 types: acute liver failure (ALF) with hepatic coma (n = 23), ALF without hepatic coma (n = 12), acute liver injury (n = 20), and ACLF (n = 5). Moreover, 80 transplanted patients were enrolled to compare the difficulty of transplantation between ALF (n = 8) vs non-ALF (n = 72) patients.Seven patients in the ALF with hepatic coma group and 1 patient in the ACLF with hepatic coma group were transplanted. Ten patients who could not be registered for transplantation died. In univariate analysis, liver failure type (P.0001), total bilirubin level (P = .05), and prothrombin time internationalized ratio (P.0001) were associated with patient survival. In multivariate analysis, liver failure type was associated with patient survival (P.0001). The respective 1-, 3-, and 5-year patient survival rates were 45.9%, 45.9%, and 45.9% for ALF patients with hepatic coma; 100.0%, 100.0%, and 100.0% for ALF patients without hepatic coma and acute liver injury; and 80.0%, 80.0%, and 80.0% for ACLF patients (P.0001). Chronic liver disease did not affect operation time (P = .46) and bleeding volume (P = .49).Patients diagnosed with ACLF via Japanese criteria presented significantly higher survival rates than ALF patients with hepatic coma.