Relaxin contributes to the elevation of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in peripheral blood of pregnant canines

Tolerance towards fetal alloantigens in the maternal immune system is essential for maintaining pregnancy. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature myeloid cells characterized by their ability to suppress immune activity and maintain maternal-fetal immune tolerance. However, the mechanisms underlying MDSC induction have not been elucidated. Herein, we investigated the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the peripheral blood of pregnant canines and its induction mechanism. By analyzing the concentration of MDSCs in the peripheral blood of pregnant canines, elevation of MDSCs has been observed during pregnancy. In addition, MDSCs from pregnant canines inhibit T cell activation. These results suggest that the elevated MDSCs in canine pregnancy may contribute to reduces maternal immune activity. To clarify the cause of MDSCs elevation in canine pregnancy, we analyzed the relationship between pregnancy-related hormones (estradiol, progesterone, and relaxin) and MDSCs. Serum relaxin levels, but not estradiol and progesterone, were correlated with the ratio of monocyte MDSCs. Additionally, relaxin induced monocytic MDSCs as well as inhibited T cell activation in vitro. Therefore, relaxin contributes to the elevation of monocytic MDSCs in the peripheral blood of pregnant canines. Our findings highlight the novel role of relaxin in pregnancy and contribute to a better understanding of maternal-fetal immune tolerance.