SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie

COVID-19, a new viral disease affecting primarily the respiratory system and the lung, has caused a pandemic with serious challenges to health systems around the world. In about 20% of patients, severe symptoms occur after a mean incubation period of 5 - 6 days; 5% of patients need intensive care therapy. Morbidity is about 1 - 2%. Protecting health care workers is of paramount importance in order to prevent hospital acquired infections. Therefore, during all procedures associated with aerosol production, a personal safety equipment consisting of a FFP2/FFP3 (N95) respiratory mask, gloves, safety glasses and a waterproof overall should be used. Therapy is based on established recommendations issued for patients with acute lung injury (ARDS). Lung protective ventilation, prone position, restrictive fluid management and an adequate management of organ failures are the mainstays of therapy. In case of fulminant lung failure, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be used as a rescue in experienced centres. New, experimental therapies evolve with ever increasing frequency; currently, however, there is no evidence based recommendation possible. If off-label and compassionate use of these drugs is considered, an individual benefit-risk assessment is necessary, since serious side effects have been reported.Der Übersichtsartikel ist als praktische Handreichung für alle gedacht, die COVID-19-Patienten behandeln bzw. in nächster Zeit behandeln werden, und fasst das derzeit verfügbare Wissen zu Diagnostik und Therapie zusammen. Zusätzlich werden auch neue und experimentelle Therapien bewertet, soweit dazu zumindest Einzelfallberichte vorliegen.