Nanoreactor of Nickel-Containing Carbon-Shells as Oxygen Reduction Catalyst

A Pt-free nanoreactor, consisting of N-doped hollow carbon nanocapsules with encapsulated Ni nanoparticles, is developed for high-performance oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst. The nanoreactor effect improves its catalytic activity for ORR mainly in a 4e- pathway. The presence of Ni nanoparticles within the nanoreactor significantly enhances the stability with a current retention of 90% after 40 h.