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Iodinated trihalomethanes formation in iopamidol-contained water during ferrate/chlor(am)ination treatment
- Source :
- Chemosphere. 272
- Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Iopamidol is a commonly used iodinated X-ray contrast media in medical field, and its residue in water can react with disinfectants to form highly toxic iodinated disinfection by-products (I-DBPs). This study investigated the degradation of iopamidol and formation of DBPs, especially iodinated trihalomethanes (I-THMs), during ferrate (Fe(VI)) pre-oxidation and subsequent chlor(am)ination under raw water background. It was found that iopamidol degradation efficiency in raw water by Fe(VI) at pH 9 could reach about 80%, which was much higher than that at pH 5 and pH 7 (both about 25%). With Fe(VI) dose increasing, iopamidol removal efficiency increased obviously. During the iopamidol degradation by Fe(VI), IO3− was the dominant product among all the iodine species. After pre-treated by Fe(VI), yields of THM4 and I-THMs can be reduced in subsequent chlor(am)ination. Besides, pH was a crucial factor for Fe(VI) pre-oxidition controlling DBPs. With the pH increasing from 5 to 9, the yield of THM4 kept increasing in subsequent chlorination but showed the highest amount at pH 6 in subsequent chloramination. The yield of I-THMs increased first and then decreased with the increase of pH in both subsequent chlorination and chloramination. I-THM concentrations in chlorinated samples were lower than chloraminated ones under acidic conditions but became higher under neutral and alkaline conditions. The total CTI of THMs during Fe(VI)-chloramination was higher than that during Fe(VI)-chlorination under neutral condition, but sharply decreased under alkaline conditions. In summary, Fe(VI)-chloramination subsequent treatment under alkaline conditions should be an effective method for iopamidol removal and DBP control.
- Subjects :
- Environmental Engineering
Halogenation
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Iron
0208 environmental biotechnology
chemistry.chemical_element
02 engineering and technology
010501 environmental sciences
Iodine
01 natural sciences
Iopamidol
Water Purification
medicine
Environmental Chemistry
Chloramination
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Residue (complex analysis)
Chloramines
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Water
General Medicine
General Chemistry
Pollution
020801 environmental engineering
Disinfection
chemistry
Yield (chemistry)
Degradation (geology)
Water Pollutants, Chemical
medicine.drug
Nuclear chemistry
Disinfectants
Trihalomethanes
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 18791298
- Volume :
- 272
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Chemosphere
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....80bbab28e201b6ed1ebb007ec3883ee2